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The black-backed butcherbird (''Cracticus mentalis'') is a species of bird in the family Artamidae. It is found in Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and northern Queensland in Australia. ==Taxonomy== The black-backed butcherbird was first described by Italian explorers and naturalists Tommaso Salvadori and Luigi D'Albertis in 1876. Although its scientific name translates as "mental noisy bird", the species epithet ''mentalis'' refers to its chin not its mind. It is one of six (or seven) members of the genus ''Cracticus'' known as butcherbirds. Within the genus, it is most closely related to the grey and silver-backed butcherbirds. The three form a monophyletic group—the subgenus ''Bulestes''—within the genus, having diverged from ancestors of the pied butcherbird around five million years ago. An alternate common name is white-throated buthcherbird to distinguish it from the pied butcherbird, which has a black throat.〔 Gregory Mathews described the Australian population as a separate subspecies ''kempi'' in 1912, citing less white plumage on the nape and tail. However Amadon did not observe this difference. The butcherbirds, Australian magpie and currawongs were placed in the family Cracticidae in 1914 by John Albert Leach after he had studied their musculature. American ornithologists Charles Sibley and Jon Ahlquist recognised the close relationship between woodswallows and the butcherbirds in 1985, and combined them into a Cracticini clade, which became the family Artamidae. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black-backed butcherbird」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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